Regulatory Policies for Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Comparative US–EU–China–Africa Approach

Abstract

The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education is accelerating the need for coherent, evidence-based and human-centric regulatory frameworks. Building on a concise comparative text examining the US, Europe, China and Africa, this article delves into institutional developments 2021–2025, analyzing principles, compliance obligations and implementation trends. The EU is leading with the AI ​​Act, which introduces a risk-based approach and increased obligations for education applications. The US is moving forward with non-binding but influential frameworks (NIST AI RMF, Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights) and a Presidential Order (2023) launching guidelines for education. China combines standards and binding rules for algorithmic services and genetic AI, while Africa specifies regional visions with the Continental AI Strategy (2024) and national policies. We conclude with proposals for harmonization and pedagogical “re-regulation” that links regulatory compliance with measurable learning benefits.