Η επίδραση των επενδύσεων, των καθαρών εξαγωγών και της εκπαίδευσης στην οικονομική μεγέθυνση: Εμπειρικά αποτελέσματα από 5 χώρες της περιφέρειας της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης


Published: May 11, 2017
Keywords:
economic growth domestic investment net exports education
Παναγιώτης Πέγκας
Κωνσταντίνος Τσαμαδιάς
Χρήστος Σταϊκούρας
Ιωάννης Βουτσινάς
Abstract
This study empirically investigates the causal relationship between economic growth and the key explanatory variables (domestic investment, net exports and education) in a group of five EU countries which are members of the euro zone during the period 1994-2013. It applies the extended neoclassical growth model of Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992) and uses panel data analysis. The empirical analysis shows that in the long term there is a positive and statistically significant effect of domestic investment, net exports and education in GDP per worker. The greatest effect was from net exports. Also, the results show that there is a bidirectional long run Granger causality between GDP per worker, net exports and education and a unidirectional causality running from domestic investment to GDP per worker.
Article Details
  • Section
  • Εισηγήσεις
Author Biographies
Παναγιώτης Πέγκας
PhD, EΛΣΤΑΤ, Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλίας
Κωνσταντίνος Τσαμαδιάς, Χαροκόπειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλίας
Ομότιμος Καθηγητής
Χρήστος Σταϊκούρας, Οικονομικό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών

Επίκουρος Καθηγητής

Βουλευτής

Ιωάννης Βουτσινάς
PhD, Τράπεζα της Ελλάδος
References
Adefabi, A. (2011), Effects of FDI and Human Capital on Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences. 8, 32-38.
Aghion, P. & Howitt, P. (1992) A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction. Econometrica. 602, 323-352.
Alici, A. & Ucal, M. (2003) Foreign Direct Investment, Exports and Output Growth of Turkey: Causality Analysis. Paper presented at the European Trade Study Group ETSG Fifth Annual Conference, Madrid: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.
Ameco database. European Commission. Available at http://ec.europa.eu / economy_finance/ameco/user/serie/SelectSerie.cfm accessed October 2015.
Anwar, S. & Nguyen, L. P (2011) Foreign direct investment and export spillovers: Evidence from Vietnam. International Business Review. 20, 177–193.
Barro, R. (1991) Economic growth in a cross section of countries. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 106, 407-443.
Dickey, D. & Fuller, W. (1981) Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Econometrica. 494, 1057-1072.
Dickey, D. & Fuller, W. (1979) Distributions of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of American Statistical Association. 74, 427-431.
Englander, S. & Gurney, A. (1994) OECD productivity growth: medium-term trends. OECD Economic Studies. 22.
Granger, C. W. J. (1988) Some recent developments in the concept of causality. Journal of Econometrics. 391-2, 199-211.
Grossman, G. M. & Helpman, E. (1991) Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. MIT, Cambridge MA.
Grossman, G. M. & Helpman, E. (1991b) Quality ladders in the theory of growth. Review of Economic Studies. 58, 43-61.
Hondroyiannis, G. & Papapetrou, E. (2002) Demographic Transition and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Greece. Journal of Population Economics. 15, 221-242.
Im, K.S.M., Pesaran, H. & Shin, Y. (2003) Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics. 115, 53-74.
Jordaan, A. & Eita, J. (2007) Export And Economic Growth In Namibia: A Granger Causality Analysis. South African Journal of Economics. Economic Society of South Africa. 753, 540-547.
Kao, C. (1999) Spurious regression and residual based tests for co integration in panel data. Journal of Econometrics. 90, 1-44.
Kao, C. & Chiang, M. H. (1999) On the estimation and inference of a cointegrated regression in panel data. Syracuse University, Economics Department. Working Paper.
Levin, A., Lin, C.F. & Chu, C.S.J. (2002) Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Journal of Econometrics. 108, 1-24.
Levin, A. & Raut, L. (1997) Complementarities between Exports and Human Capital in Economic Growth: Evidence from the Semi-industrialized Countries. Economic Development and Cultural Change. University of Chicago Press. 461, 155-174.
Lucas, E. (1988) On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics. 221, 3-42.
Madala, G.S. & Wu, S. (1999) A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. 61, 631-652.
Mankiw, G., Romer, D. & Weil, D. (1992) A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1072, 407-437.
Narayan, P. K. & Smyth, R. (2006) Higher Education, Real Income and Real Investment in China: Evidence From Granger Causality Tests. Education Economics. 141, 107-125.
Newey, W. K. & West, K. D. (1994) Automatic lag selection in covariance matrix estimation. Review of Economic Studies. 614, 631–654.
Ogunade Adeyemi, O. (2011) Human Capital Investment in the Developing World: An Analysis of Praxis. Schmidt Labour Research Center Seminar Paper Series. University of Rhode Island.
Pedroni, P. (1999) Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels with multiple regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. 61, 653-670.
Pedroni, P. (2004) Panel cointegration: Asymptotic and finite sample properties of pooled time series tests with an application to the PPP hypothesis. Econometric Theory. 20, 597-625.
Pegkas, P. & Tsamadias, C. (2015) Does formal education at all levels cause economic growth?: Evidence from Greece. Review of Economic and Business Studies. 8(1), 11-34.
Phillips, P.C. & Perron, P. (1988) Testing for a Unit Root in time series regression. Biometrika. 75, 335-346.
Romer, P. (1986) Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth. Journal of Political Economy. 945, 1002-1037.
Romer, P. (1990) Endogenous Technological Change. Journal of Political Economy. 985 part 2, 71-102.
Schwarz, G. E. (1978) Estimating the dimension of a model. Annals of Statistics. 6, 461-464.
Shahbaz, M. & Rahman, M. (2010) Foreign Capital Infows-Growth Nexus and Role of Domestic Financial Sector: An ARDL Cointegration Approach for Pakistan. Journal of Economic Research. 15, 207-231.
Shaihani, M., Harisb, A., Ismaila ,N. & Saida. R. (2011) Long Run And Short Run Effects On Education Levels: Case In Malaysia. International Journal of Economic Research. 2(6), 77-87.
Shirazi, N. & Manap, T. (2004) Exports and Economic Growth Nexus: The Case of Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review. Pakistan Institute of Development Economics. 434, 563-581.
Sianesi, B. & Reenen, J. (2003) The returns to education: macroeconomics. Journal of Economic Surveys. 17, 157-200.
Solow, R. (1956) A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 701, 65-94.
Tsamadias, C. & Prontzas, P. (2012) The effect of education on economic growth in Greece over the 1960-2000 period. Journal of Education Economics. 20(5), 522-537.
World Bank database. World Development Indicators. Available at http://www.worlbank.org. Accessed October 2015.