From Connectivity to Competence: The Crucial Role of Tutors in Promoting Communication Quality, Student Autonomy, and Learning Effectiveness in Open and Distance Education


Panagiota Xanthopoulou
Alexandros Sahinidis
Persefoni Solomou
Cristalo Lappa
Abstract

The present study aims to investigate the factors that contribute to the quality of communication between tutors and learners in Open and Distance Education. The study used a mixed research approach with a synthesis of quantitative and qualitative methods. The total sample consisted of 120 students at Hellenic Open University (HOU) who answered an online questionnaire and 73 of them participated in a supplementary structured interview. Findings showed that learners need the tutor to be encouraging and actively involved in the process of learning and developing their critical thinking. However, the research also underlined the learners’ belief that through a teleconference there is not a high frequency of interaction. The findings contribute to the effective communication between tutors and learners and to the further proper guidance and support of students in open and distance education.

Article Details
  • Section
  • Εισηγήσεις
References
Albrahim, F. A. (2020). Online teaching skills and competencies. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 19(1), 9-20.
Alawamleh, M., Al-Twait, L. M., & Al-Saht, G. R. (2020). The effect of online learning on communication between instructors and students during Covid-19 pandemic. Asian Education and Development Studies, 11(2), 380-400.
Armakolas, S., Panagiotakopoulos, C., & Frangoulis, I. (2019). The educational design of the teleconference using and exploiting participatory-experiential techniques. In 10th International Conference in Open & Distance Learning (Vol. 10, pp. 140-149).
Armakolas, S., Panagiotakopoulos, C., & Magkaki, F. (2018). Interaction and effectiveness-theoretical approaches in a teleconference environment. International Journal of Sciences, 9(2018), 21-26.
Bates, T. (2020). Trends in the use of audio-visual media in distance education systems. In Distance education: International perspectives (pp. 227-241). Routledge.
Batsila, A. (2019). Inter-learner communication and collaborative learning as quality criteria of distance vocational education and training. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning (EURODL), 22(2), 98-112.
Berge, Z. L. (2013). Barriers to communication in distance education. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 14(1), 374-388.
Bower, M. (2016). Deriving a typology of W eb 2.0 learning technologies. British Journal of Educational Technology, 47(4), 763-777.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Clark, K. R. (2015). The effects of the flipped model of instruction on student engagement and performance in the secondary mathematics classroom. Journal of Educators online, 12(1), 91-115.
Correia, A. P., Liu, C., & Xu, F. (2020). Evaluating videoconferencing systems for the quality of the educational experience. Distance Education, 41(4), 429-452.
Dawadi, S., Shrestha, S., & Giri, R. A. (2021). Mixed-methods research: A discussion on its types, challenges, and criticisms. Journal of Practical Studies in Education, 2(2), 25-36.Doyumgaç, I., Tanhan, A., & Kiymaz, M. S. (2021). Understanding the most important facilitators and barriers for online education during COVID-19 through online photovoice methodology. International Journal of Higher Education, 10(1), 166-190.
Ferdousi, F., Ahmed, A., & Momen, M. A. (2022). Evolution of quality assurance practices in enhancing the quality of open and distance education in a developing nation: a case study. Asian Association of Open Universities Journal, (ahead-of-print).
Gavrilis, V., Mavroidis, I., & Giossos, Y. (2020). Transactional distance and student satisfaction in a postgraduate distance learning program. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 21(3), 48-62.
Gibbs, G. (2013). Reflections on the changing nature of educational development. International journal for academic development, 18(1), 4-14.
Guo, Z. (2022). Automated Assessment of Non-verbal Social Behaviors in Educational Contexts Using Deep Learning Frameworks (Doctoral dissertation, University of Delaware).
Harvey, S., & Goudvis, A. (2007). Strategies that work: Teaching comprehension for understanding and engagement. Stenhouse Publishers.
Harvey, L., & Newton, J. (2007). Transforming quality evaluation: moving on. Quality assurance in higher education: Trends in regulation, translation and transformation, 225-245.
Hassan, M. M., Mirza, T., & Hussain, M. W. (2020). A critical review by teachers on the online teaching-learning during the COVID-19. International Journal of Education and Management Engineering, 10(8), 17-27.
HR, G., & Aithal, P. S. (2022). How to Choose an Appropriate Research Data Collection Method and Method Choice among Various Research Data Collection Methods and Method Choices During Ph. D. Program in India?. International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences (IJMTS), 7(2), 455-489.
Iliadou, C., & Anastasiadis, P. (2010). Communication between professor-counselor and students in distance studies: Students’ views in the context of the EAP. The Journal for Open and Distance Education and Educational Technology, 6(1-2), 29-45.
Ioakimidou,V.,& Lionarakis, Α. (2017). Quality assurance and quality enhancement in distance tertiary education. Trends and orientations. Open Education: The Journal for Open and Distance Education Technology, Vol. 13 (2), 124-139. Retrieved on 2 July, 2018 from https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/openjournal/article/view/15541
Kefis, V., & Xanthopoulou, P. (2015). Teaching entrepreneurship through E-learning: The implementation in schools of social sciences and humanities in Greece. International Journal of Sciences, 4(8), 17-23.
Leppisaari, I., & Vainio, L. (2015). Digital leap of teachers: two Finnish examples of rethinking teacher professional development for the digital age. ascilite2015, 168.
Lionarakis, A., Papadimitriou, S. T., Hartofylaka, A., Aggeli, A., & Tzilou, G. (2018). Η συμβολή των ψηφιακών εργαλείων στην υποστήριξη της μαθησιακής πορείας των φοιτητών/φοιτητριών της εξΑΕ: Μέρος Α: Χρήση ψηφιακών εργαλείων για τη δημιουργία ψηφιακού εκπαιδευτικού υλικού. Ανοικτή Εκπαίδευση: το περιοδικό για την Ανοικτή και εξ Αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευση και την Εκπαιδευτική Τεχνολογία, 14(1), 104-117.
Lionarakis, A. (1998, June). Polymorphic Education: A pedagogical framework for open and distance learning. In EDEN conference Universities in a Digital Era–Transformation.
Matveev, A. V. (2002). The advantages of employing quantitative and qualitative methods in intercultural research: Practical implications from the study of the perceptions of intercultural communication competence by American and Russian managers. Theory of communication and applied communication, 1(6), 59-67.
Mayer, G., Lingle, J., & Usselman, M. (2017). Experiences of advanced high school students in synchronous online recitations. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 20(2), 15-26.
Muzari, T., Shava, G. N., & Shonhiwa, S. (2022). Qualitative research paradigm, a key research design for educational researchers, processes and procedures: A theoretical overview. Indiana Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 14-20.
Natow, R. S. (2020). The use of triangulation in qualitative studies employing elite interviews. Qualitative research, 20(2), 160-173.
Papadimitriou, S. T., Lionarakis, A., & Ioakeimidou, V. (2019). The Hellenic Open University: Innovations and Challenges in Greek Higher Education. Ανοικτή Εκπαίδευση: το περιοδικό για την Ανοικτή και εξ Αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευση και την Εκπαιδευτική Τεχνολογία, 15(1), 6-22.
Patitsa, C. D., Sahinidis, A. G., Tsaknis, P. A., & Giannakouli, V. (2023). The impact of personality on satisfaction with synchronous online academic learning. New Outlooks for the Scholarly Research in Corporate Governance, 55.
Perez, A., Howell Smith, M. C., Babchuk, W. A., & Lynch-O’Brien, L. I. (2023). Advancing quality standards in mixed methods research: Extending the legitimation typology. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 17(1), 29-50.
Rahayu, R. P., & Wirza, Y. (2020). Teachers’ perception of online learning during pandemic covid-19. Jurnal penelitian pendidikan, 20(3), 392-406.
Salas‐Pilco, S. Z., Yang, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2022). Student engagement in online learning in Latin American higher education during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review. British Journal of Educational Technology, 53(3), 593-619.
Sarrafzadeh, M., & Williamson, K. (2012). Multicultural, Virtual Work Places: Opportunities and Challenges for LIS Educators. International Journal of Information Science & Management, 10(1).
Shoepe, T. C., McManus, J. F., August, S. E., Mattos, N. L., Vollucci, T. C., & Sparks, P. R. (2020). Instructor prompts and student engagement in synchronous online nutrition classes. American Journal of Distance Education, 34(3), 194-210.
Σιούλης, Η.,&Γαρδικιώτης,Α.(2013, Νοέμβριος).Επικοινωνία φοιτητών εκπαιδευτή σε ένα πλαίσιο εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευσης:Αντιλήψεις των φοιτητών του Ελληνικού Ανοιχτού Πανεπιστημίου (Ε.Α.Π) για την ανατροφοδότηση των γραπτών τους εργασιών.Ανακοίνωση στο7oΔιεθνές Συνέδριο για την Ανοικτή & εξ Αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευση. Ανακτήθηκε από https://eproceedings.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/openedu/article/view/585/564 .
Stavrakakis, E., & Xanthopoulou, P. (2019). Supporting Students as a Means of Preventing Dropout in Open and Distance Education. International Journal of Sciences, 8, 9-19.
Vlachopoulos, D., & Makri, A. (2019). Online communication and interaction in distance higher education: A framework study of good practice. International Review of Education, 65(4), 605-632.
Wang, A., Song, G., & Kang, F. (2006). Promoting a lifelong learning society in China: the attempts by Tsinghua University. Higher Education Management and Policy, 18(2), 1-16.
Williams, R. (2016). Communications. Random House.
Xanthopoulou, P., & Lappa, K. (2022). Ensuring Quality in the Communication between Tutors-Counselors and Learners in Open and Distance Education. The Case of the Hellenic Open University. International Journal of Social Science And Human Research, 5(08), 3830-3840.
Xanthopoulou, P. (2020). Theoretical Approach and Analysis of Stakeholders’ Impact on Quality Processes in Higher Education-The Case of Greek Universities. International journal of sciences, 9(2), 34-45.
Yoon, M., Lee, J., & Jo, I. H. (2021). Video learning analytics: Investigating behavioral patterns and learner clusters in video-based online learning. The Internet and Higher Education, 50, 100806.
Zafari, P. M. P., & Kamal, N. M. (2020). Distance Education for Rohingya Children during COVID 19 Emergency: Bangladesh Rohingya Response Perspectives; Challenges, Recommendations and Proximities. Distance Education for Rohingya Children during COVID, 19.