Η σχετική Τεχνική Αποδοτικότητα των Συστημάτων Έρευνας & Ανάπτυξης (Ε&Α) των χωρών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, κατά τη χρονική περίοδο 2016 – 2020: Συγκριτικά, ποια η θέση της Ελλάδας;

Abstract

Abstract

Research & Development (R&D) has as components Basic Research, Applied Research, Experimental Development, which broadly includes Innovation. It is, with scientific, theoretical and empirical documentation, a crucial factor in promoting overall productivity, the growth & development of the economy and ultimately the overall strength of each country, region, nation. Each country's R&D systems (research centers & institutes, universities, enterprises with research departments, independent researchers) to achieve their mission consume resources of the economy from the limited and competitively claimed and produce a variety of outputs. The efficient operation of the complex process of converting inputs into outputs is a matter of great importance. This research paper assesses the relative technical efficiency (TE) of the R&D systems of the countries of the European Union (EU), as well as selected groups of countries. The measurement is done with the DEA method, with Output Orientation (OO) and the assumption of Variable Returns to Scale. It also measures the average rates of change of TE over the period 2016-2020. The findings of the empirical analysis reveal that the average performance of EU countries' R&D systems in terms of TE-CO is 0.882 with a range of variation of 0.494 and an average rate of change of -3.62 with a range of variation of 50.05. The average value of TE-OO of the R&D systems of the Eurozone (EZ) countries is 0.884 with a range of change of 0.494 and an average rate of change of -2.561 with a range of change of 30.03. That is, the R&D systems of the EE countries had a higher average performance.

Key words: Efficiency, Research, Development