The Importance of Teaching Quantum Entanglement. Strategies of its Didactic Transform and Expected Learning Outcomes

PDF (ελληνικά)
Published: Apr 19, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12681/codiste.9888
Keywords:
didactic transform learning outcomes quantum entanglement teaching
Aristotelis Gkiolmas
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Gianna Katsiampoura
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Aikaterini Benisi
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5367-6032
Constantine Skordoulis
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Zografia Papanagiotou
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Abstract

This paper thoroughly explores the existing literature and the practices used, in order to teach quantum entanglement, a very essential concept for education today, mainly because of its many technological and other applications. Emphasis is placed on those teaching and didactic transformation strategies, which avoid difficult Physics’ terms, as well as Mathematical formalism. The findings are used to structure a new teaching sequence and corresponding empirical research, aiming at teaching quantum entanglement to undergraduate students of Primary Education Departments.

Article Details
  • Section
  • Προφορικές Ανακοινώσεις
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Οικονόμου, Α. Β. (2023). Κβαντική υπολογιστική στη δευτεροβάθμια εκπαίδευση. Μεταπτυχιακή Διπλωματική Εργασία. Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλίας, Σχολή Τεχνολογίας, Τμήμα Ψηφιακών Συστημάτων.
Brang, M., Franke, H., Greinert, F., Ubben, M. S., Hennig, F., & Bitzenbauer, P. (2024). Spooky action at a distance? A two-phase study into learners’ views of quantum entanglement. EPJ Quantum Technology, 11(1), 33, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00244-y
Chiofalo, M. L., Foti, C., Michelini, M., Santi, L., & Stefanel, A. (2022). Games for teaching/learning quantum mechanics: a pilot study with high-school students. Education Sciences, 12(7), 446, 1-34. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12070446
Diem-Lane, A. (2008). Spooky Physics. Mount San Antonio College (MSAC) Philosophy Group.
Emspak, J., & Hickok, K. (2024) Quantum Entanglement: Unlocking the mysteries of particle connections. Ανακτήθηκε στις 25 Ιουνίου 2025, από: https://www.space.com/31933-quantum-entanglement-action-at-a-distance.html
Ferrie, C. (2024). Quantum Entanglement with Just a Little Algebra. Medium. Ανακτήθηκε στις 2 Ιουλίου 2025, από: https://csferrie.medium.com/quantum-entanglement-with-just-a-little-algebra-9760ef2f42ee
López-Incera, A., & Dür, W. (2019). Entangle me! A game to demonstrate the principles of quantum mechanics. American Journal of Physics, 87(2), 95-101. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.5086275
Marckwordt, J., Muller, A., Harlow, D., Franklin, D., & Landsberg, R. H. (2021). Entanglement ball: using dodgeball to introduce quantum entanglement. The Physics Teacher, 59(8), 613-616. https://doi.org/10.1119/5.0019871
Michelini, M., & Stefanel, A. (2021). A path to build basic Quantum Mechanics ideas in the context of light polarization and learning outcomes of secondary students. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1929, 1, 012052). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1929/1/012052
Nielsen, M. A., & Chuang, I. L. (2010). Quantum computation and quantum information. Cambridge University Press.
Penchev, V. (2023). This Year's Nobel Prize (2022) in Physics for Entanglement and Quantum Information: the New Revolution in Quantum Mechanics and Science. SSRN 4382533, 1-68. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4382533
Pospiech, G. (1999). Teaching the EPR paradox at high school?. Physics Education, 34(5), 311-322. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/34/5/307
Quantum Atlas (2024). Quantum Entanglement. https://quantumatlas.umd.edu/entry/entanglement/
Satanassi, S., Ercolessi, E., & Levrini, O. (2022). Designing and implementing materials on quantum computing for secondary school students: The case of teleportation. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 18(1), 01012, 1 – 28. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.18.010122
Siegfried, T. (2006). A beautiful Math: John Nash, game theory, and the modern quest for a code of nature. National Academies Press.
van Nieuwenburg, Ε. (2019, July 15). Introducing a New Game: Quantum TiqTaqToe. Quantum Frontiers. https://quantumfrontiers.com/2019/07/15/tiqtaqtoe/
Weissman, E. Y., Merzel, A., Katz, N., & Galili, I. (2022). Phenomena and principles: presenting quantum physics in a high school curriculum. Physics, 4(4), 1299-1317. https://doi.org/10.3390/physics4040083
Wikipedia (2025). Quantum tic-tac-toe. Ανακτήθηκε στις 1 Ιουλίου 2025, από τον ιστότοπο: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tic-tac-toe.
Zwickl, B. M. & Hersom, H. J. (2024) Investigating Students’ Understanding of Entanglement. Πρακτικά του Physics Education Research Conference (PERC), 467-472. Βοστώνη, Η.Π.Α., 10-11 Ιουλίου 2024 https://doi.org/10.1119/perc.2024.pr.Zwickl