Γνωστικο-συμπεριφορικές παρεμβάσεις για την τελειομανία των χαρισματικών και ταλαντούχων μαθητών

Abstract

Perfectionism, being defined as “the dissatisfaction with the difference between one’s ideal performance and one’s perception of his or her actual performance”, constitutes a socio-emotional need of gifted and talented students, with functional and dysfunctional aspects, as the concern for achieving their unrealistic high standards. This current review aims at examining effective interventions of cognitive-behavioral approach, which help overcome the dysatisfunctional aspects of perfectionists gifted students, but at the same time maintaining its functional aspects. Despite the debate concerning the concept of perfectionism and the absence of effective interventions overcoming perfectionism for the gifted students, the cognitive-behavioral therapy is applied, aiming at challenging one’s self-critical thinking. Bibliotherapy, cartoon, improvisational drama, play therapy, role-play, art activities and videotherapy have been proposed as techniques. The effects show reduction of the dysfunctional aspects of perfectionism, but without being long-term or reducing functional aspects at the same time.  Therefore, it is estimated that cognitive-behavioral therapy be more effective if being implemented in group counseling programs, which combine practices of psychodynamic with those of positive psychology and solution-focused brief therapy, so the functional aspects of gifted to be maintained with the multidimensional analysis, which along with the social support from peers and the therapist will help mitigate the fear of failure.