Innovative applications of 3D printed elastomers in the restoration of Cultural Heritage


Published: Jun 17, 2024
Keywords:
3D printing Elastomers Production of molds installation art exhibition copy
Alberta Paglione
Carla Giovannone
Angelo Raffaele Rubino
Claudio Santangelo
Francesco Frullini
Angelandreina Rorro
Ludovica Ruggiero
Roberto Ciabattoni
Abstract

This study evaluates the application of innovative materials in 3D printing for the protection and conservation of cultural heritage, focusing on the intervention conducted on the environmental installation 'Spiette, 36' by artist Paolo Icaro at MAXXI, Rome. The main challenge of this artwork’s conservation is related to its interaction with the museum's audience. Specifically, the presence of floor-placed elements necessitated a comprehensive approach to ensure their preservation. For this reason, with the artist and museum's support, a project was developed to create exhibition copies and digitally preserve the installation.


The project involved acquiring the shape through 3D scanning and generating its negative by processing the digital model. Extensive research was then conducted to select elastomers introduced to the market in recent years capable of emulating the performance of silicone rubbers for 3D printing molds. The study of these materials and printing techniques has provided valuable insights, laying the groundwork for potential applications of 3D printing elastomers in restoration.

Article Details
  • Section
  • Part III - Digital Techniques and Information Management for Cultural Heritage
Author Biographies
Alberta Paglione

ICR Central Institute for Restoration, Rome, Italy

Carla Giovannone

ICR Central Institute for Restoration, Rome, Italy

Angelo Raffaele Rubino

ICR Central Institute for Restoration, Rome, Italy

Claudio Santangelo

ICR Central Institute for Restoration, Rome, Italy

Francesco Frullini

ICR Central Institute for Restoration, Rome, Italy

Angelandreina Rorro

ICR Central Institute for Restoration, Rome, Italy

Ludovica Ruggiero

ALES S.p.A. at ICR Central Institute for Restoration, Rome, Italy

Roberto Ciabattoni

ICR Central Institute for Restoration, Rome, Italy

References
Carretti, E., Gassi, S., Cossalter, M., Natali, I., Caminati, G., & Weiss, R. G. (2009). Poly (vinyl alcohol)-borate hydro/cosolvent gels: Viscoelastic properties, solubilizing power and application to art conserva-tion. Langmuir, 25(15), 8656–8662. https://doi.org/10.1021/la900601c
Gabriellini, C., Moradei, R., Rossi, F., & Speranza, L. (2013). Le ventuno sculture di Jacques Lipchitz res-taurate dall’Opificio in vista della mostra L’arte in gesso del Palazzo Pretorio di Prato. OPD Restauro, 25, 53–66.
Wharton, G., & Scholte, T. (Eds.). (2011). Inside installation: Theory and practice in the care of complex artworks. Amsterdam University Press.
Various authors. (2007). Inherent vice: The replica and its implications in modern sculpture workshop. Tate Papers, 8. https://www.tate.org.uk/research/tate-papers/08
Hummelen, I., & Sillé, D. (Eds.). (1999). Modern art: Who cares? An interdisciplinary research project and an international symposium on the conservation of modern and contemporary art. The Foundation for the Conservation of Modern Art; Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage.
Munici, M. C., & Rava, A. (Eds.). (2013). Cosa cambia: Teorie e pratiche del restauro nell'arte contem-poranea. Il restauro del contemporaneo (1987–2012). Skira.
Balletti, C., & Ballarin, M. (2019). An application of integrated 3D technologies for replicas in cultural heritage. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(7), 285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8070285
Bachtiar, E. O., Erol, O., Millrod, M., Tao, R., Gracias, H., Romer, L. H., & Kang, S. H. (2020). 3D print-ing and characterizations of a soft and biostable elastomer with high flexibility and strength for biomedi-cal applications. Additive Manufacturing, 36, 101602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101602
Duran, M. M., Moro, G., Zhang, Y., & Islam, A. (2023). 3D printing of silicone and polyurethane elasto-mers for medical device application: A review. Advances in Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 7, 100143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aime.2023.100143
Herzberger, J., Sirrine, J. M., Williams, C. B., & Long, T. E. (2019). Polymer design for 3D printing elas-tomers: Recent advances in structure, properties and printing. Progress in Polymer Science, 97, 101144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101144
Formlabs. (2024). Flexible 80A resin: Use guidelines. https://formlabs.com
Formlabs. (2024). Elastic 50A resin: Use guidelines. https://formlabs.com
Adrover-Monserrat, B., Llumà, J., Jerez-Mesa, R., & Travieso-Rodriguez, J. A. (2022). Study of the influ-ence of the manufacturing parameters on tensile properties of thermoplastic elastomers. Polymers, 14(5), 937. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14050937
León-Calero, M., Valés, S. C. R., Marcos-Fernández, A., & Rodríguez-Gernández, J. (2021). 3D printing of thermoplastic elastomers: Role of the chemical composition and printing parameters in the production of parts with controlled energy absorption and damping capacity. Polymers, 13(2), 312. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13020312
Georgopoulou, A., Vanderborght, B., & Clemens, F. (2021). Fabrication of a soft robotic gripper with in-tegrated strain sensing elements using multi-material additive manufacturing. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 8, 615991. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.615991
Gebhardt, A. (2011). Understanding additive manufacturing: Rapid prototyping, rapid tooling, rapid manufacturing. Hanser Publishers.